下さい。 It is a practice which still goes on today because(A) to avoid feeling guilt and shame, two emotions whose danger we understand almost instinctively. We know that guilt and shame can cause not only great psychological damage but also great harm to our social reputations. Aside from the famous student excuse of "The dog ate my homework,"scapegoats nowadays are nearly always people. However, the word "scapegoating"is thought to derive from actual goats. A ceremony in the Bible describes a priest ( B) by placing his hands on the head of a goat. This goat was now full of the people's guilt and was sent out into the desert, while another goat was killed as a sacrifice. In medieval and early modern Europe, people were still putting the blame on animals and ( C ). But how we meet our psychological needs changes over time, and in this period, the aim was to be sure that justice was done. This way of thinking may seem strange, even ridiculous, today, but animals at this time were thought to have committed crimes intentionally. Therefore, to make sure justice was maintained, trials were considered necessary. These trials had lawyers, witnesses, and strict procedures just as in the trials of humans. Animal trials were held in continental Europe for several hundred years. One of the most famous cases took place in the French town of Autun in the 16th century and involved a field of crops that had been destroyed. As they were worried there could be riots due to food shortages, the rulers of the area declared the crop destruction a crime. A local community of rats very quickly became the chief suspects and an announcement was immediately made ( D). 1. declared the rats guilty 2. they would stay in the courtroom . ordering the rats to appear in court 4. using ceremonies to do so 5. we are reluctant 8. declared the rats innocent 7 taking guilt away from people it was better not to risk the journey S. it is a way
